![]() ![]() ^ Luo, Yun (2005) "Functional nanostructures by ordered porous templates" Ph.D. ![]() ^ Retardation of Plateau–Rayleigh Instability: A Distinguishing Characteristic Among Perfectly Wetting Fluids by John McCuan.261: "On peut donc affirmer, abstraction faite de tout résultat théorique, que la limite de la stabilité du cylindre est comprise entre les valeurs 3,13 et 3,18, … " (It can thus be affirmed, apart from any theoretical result, that the limit of the stability of the cylinder lies between the values 3.13 and 3.18, … ) Statique expérimentale et théorique des liquides soumis aux seules forces moléculaires (in French). "Nonlinear dynamics and breakup of free-surface flows". "On the breakup of viscous liquid threads". If the diameter of the faucet is big enough, the neck does not get sucked back in, and it undergoes a Plateau–Rayleigh instability and collapses into a small droplet. When a segment of water begins to separate from the faucet, a neck is formed and then stretched. Rain water dripping from a rooftop Water dripping from a faucet/tap Water dropping from a tapĪ special case of this is the formation of small droplets when water is dripping from a faucet/tap. Among the forces that govern drop formation: Plateau–Rayleigh instability, Surface tension, Cohesion (chemistry), Van der Waals force. Equation for the radius of the stream is R ( z ) = R 0 + A k cos ( k z ) Examples Rain water flux from a canopy. Radii of curvature in the axial direction are shown. Theory Intermediate stage of a jet breaking into drops. Later, Rayleigh showed theoretically that a vertically falling column of non-viscous liquid with a circular cross-section should break up into drops if its length exceeded its circumference, which is indeed π times its diameter. In 1873, Plateau found experimentally that a vertically falling stream of water will break up into drops if its length is greater than about 3.13 to 3.18 times its diameter, which he noted is close to π. The Plateau–Rayleigh instability is named for Joseph Plateau and Lord Rayleigh. ![]() A considerable amount of work has been done recently on the final pinching profile by attacking it with self-similar solutions. ![]() The driving force of the Plateau–Rayleigh instability is that liquids, by virtue of their surface tensions, tend to minimize their surface area. This fluid instability is exploited in the design of a particular type of ink jet technology whereby a jet of liquid is perturbed into a steady stream of droplets. It is related to the Rayleigh–Taylor instability and is part of a greater branch of fluid dynamics concerned with fluid thread breakup. The Plateau–Rayleigh instability, often just called the Rayleigh instability, explains why and how a falling stream of fluid breaks up into smaller packets with the same volume but less surface area. Western Union, L/C.Fluid breakup of a falling stream Three examples of droplet detachment for different fluids: (left) water, (center) glycerol, (right) a solution of PEG in water Our services include fountain design, fountain manufacturing, on site installation guidence, operation & maintenance training and 12-month warranty and life-long technicial support.
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